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General Attractiveness of Egypt to the Ottomans

  • Date Submitted: 04/14/2015 08:27 AM
  • Flesch-Kincaid Score: 42.6 
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The Ottoman Empire in short, was a multi-ethnic and multi-religious empire ruled by the Osmanlı dynasty from circa 1300 until its demise in World War I. The empire’s elites considered themselves Ottoman and used the word Turk as a disparaging term for the uneducated Anatolian subject peasant population.
" The inclusion of Egypt (as well as Syria and Palestine) facilitated the acquisition of commodities such as sugar, grain, textiles, and fruits and resulted in important new revenues for the Ottoman treasury, such as custom duties and land and urban taxes. At first, the Ottomans administered a system of direct taxation, but they eventually replaced it with odious tax farming. Thus, with the imposition of Ottoman rule as well as the continuation of Mamluk exploitation, the Egyptian peasantry?s suffering deepened. Factional strife among Ottomans and Mamluks provided opportunities for the ulama to mediate and exert important influence. Christians (Copts) and Jews also benefited from liberal Ottoman toleration."
In 1516–17 Sultan Selim I (r. 1512–20) defeated the Mamluk Empire of Egypt and Syria, incorporating their realms into his empire.
Selim I (Yavuz Sultan Selim, Selim “the Grim”) (b. 1470/1471–d. 1520) (r. 1512–1520) Ottoman sultan who conquered eastern Asia Minor, Syria, and Egypt.
In 1516–17, Selim waged a victorious war against the Sunni Mamluks, who had ruled Egypt and Syria since 1258, conquering and incorporating Syria and Egypt into his empire.
More importantly, revenues from Syria and Egypt accounted for one third of the total revenue of the empire. The protection of the maritime lanes of communications between Istanbul and Cairo thus became vital and necessitated the further strengthening of the Ottoman navy. It also led to confrontation with the dominant Christian maritime powers of the Mediterranean: Venice, Spain, and the Knights of St. John, based on the Island of Rhodes. Protecting the Hejaz against Portuguese encroachment into the Red Sea...

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