Networking

Network topology is the layout pattern of interconnections of the various elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a computer[1][2] or biological network.[3] Network topologies may be physical or logical.
Physical topology refers to the physical design of a network including the devices, location and cable installation.
Logical topology refers to how data is actually transferred in a network as opposed to its physical design.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a required TCP/IP standard protocol that provides a reliable, connection-oriented data delivery service between only two computers. Such a communication is known as a unicast. In connection oriented communication, the connection must be established before data can be transmitted between the two computers.

After the connection is established, data is transmitted over this single connection only. Connection-oriented communication is also referred to as reliable communication because it guarantees the delivery of the data at the destination. On the source computer, TCP organizes the data to be transmitted into packets. On the destination computer, TCP reorganizes the packets to recreate the original data.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a transport layer protocol that identifies the destination application in network communications. UDP provides a connectionless packet delivery service that offers fast but unreliable, best-effort delivery of the data.

UDP does not require an acknowledgment for the data received and does not attempt to retransmit data that is lost or corrupted. This means that less data is sent, but neither the arrival of packets nor the correct sequencing of delivered packets is acknowledged or guaranteed.

UDP is used by applications that transmit data to multiple computers by using broadcast or multicast transmissions. It is also used for transmitting small amounts of data or data that is not of high...